Ernakulam(Kochi)

Ernakulam & Cochin: The Vibrant Heart of Kerala

Ernakulam, often referred to as the commercial hub of Kerala, offers an impressive blend of modern infrastructure and cultural richness. With its international airport, efficient communication systems, top-tier accommodations, and a wide range of tourist attractions, the district presents a dynamic experience for both travelers and residents. Formed on April 1, 1958, Ernakulam was shaped by combining regions from the former kingdoms of Travancore, Kochi, and Malabar. The name 'Ernakulam' is believed to have originated from the Tamil term ‘Erayanarkulam’, meaning "the abode of Lord Shiva."

At the heart of Ernakulam lies Cochin (Kochi), widely regarded as Kerala’s most cosmopolitan city and its gateway to the world. Known for centuries as the "Queen of the Arabian Sea," Cochin’s natural harbor has attracted traders and explorers from across the globe—Arabs, Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch, and the British, all of whom have left their mark on the city’s culture and architecture.

The city is a unique mosaic of heritage and modernity. Fort Kochi, in particular, stands out as a historical treasure trove. Walking through its narrow lanes, one encounters iconic landmarks such as the Chinese fishing nets, the centuries-old Jewish Synagogue, the Dutch Palace, and remnants of Portuguese and British colonial architecture. These layers of history blend seamlessly with local traditions, creating an atmosphere unlike anywhere else.

Cochin is also one of Kerala’s best-connected cities, with an international airport, a major seaport, and a robust network of roads, railways, and ferry routes. Getting around is easy—whether by public buses, auto-rickshaws, or boat services operating from the Main Boat Jetty and Willingdon Island terminals.

Whether you're drawn by its economic energy or historical charm, Ernakulam and Cochin together offer a vibrant and memorable slice of Kerala.

PLACES OF INTRESTS

Mattancherry Palace (Dutch Palace)

Popularly known as the Dutch Palace, Mattancherry Palace was originally constructed by the Portuguese in 1555 AD and gifted to the Raja of Kochi. The name “Dutch Palace” came into use after 1663, when the Dutch renovated and expanded the structure. Interestingly, neither the Portuguese nor the Dutch ever resided in the palace.

The palace interiors are adorned with intricate murals depicting scenes from the Ramayana, showcasing the region’s rich artistic heritage. Visitors can also explore exhibits featuring royal attire, traditional palanquins, and other ceremonial artifacts from the Kochi royal family.

Visiting Hours: 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM
Closed: Fridays and national holidays

Jewish Synagogue, Mattancherry

Located in the historic quarter of Mattancherry, the Jewish Synagogue—also known as the Paradesi Synagogue—was established in 1568 AD and stands as one of the oldest active synagogues in the Commonwealth. It holds great historical and religious significance, housing treasured items such as ancient Torah scrolls, beautifully crafted copper plates inscribed with royal privileges granted by the rulers of Kochi, and rare Chinese hand-painted ceramic tiles, each uniquely designed.

Visiting Hours:
10:00 AM to 12:00 PM and 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM
Closed on: Saturdays and Jewish religious holidays

St. Francis Church

Located in Fort Kochi, this historic Protestant church was originally built by the Portuguese in 1510 AD, making it one of the oldest European churches in India. The famous explorer Vasco da Gama was initially buried here in 1524 before his remains were transferred to Portugal 14 years later.

St. Francis Assisi Church (Naduvileppalli)

Situated in the heart of Ernakulam city, this architecturally unique church is known for its fusion of Portuguese and traditional Kerala styles. The hyperbolic paraboloid shell roof, supported only at the center, is a rare feature. With over 179 years of spiritual heritage, it's a peaceful retreat for reflection.

Chinese Fishing Nets

An iconic feature along Fort Kochi’s waterfront, these massive cantilevered fishing nets are believed to have been introduced by Chinese traders from the court of Kublai Khan. Best viewed at high tide, especially from Vasco da Gama Square, they offer a glimpse into the city’s ancient maritime links.

Bolgatty Palace

Situated on the serene Bolgatty Island, this palace was built by the Dutch in 1744 and later served as the British Residency. It is now a heritage hotel managed by KTDC and offers a tranquil setting with views of the backwaters.

Vallarpadam Church (Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom)

A major pilgrimage site, this basilica has historic recognition from Pope Leo XIII in 1888 and was elevated to a national shrine in 1951. Its latest addition, 20 artistic stations representing the mysteries of the Rosary, makes it spiritually significant for global pilgrims.

Hill Palace Museum (Tripunithura)

Located about 12 km from Ernakulam, this museum once served as the royal residence of the Cochin rulers. It showcases royal regalia, ancient weapons, coins, and art. A deer park and horse-riding facilities are also available.
Timings: 9:00 AM–12:30 PM, 2:00 PM–4:30 PM | Closed: Mondays & national holidays
Entry Fee: ₹10 (adult), ₹5 (child), ₹20 (camera), ₹1000 (video)

Willingdon Island

A man-made island formed during the dredging of Kochi Port, it now houses major establishments like the Southern Naval Command, Customs House, and the port's administrative offices. It acts as a connecting hub between Ernakulam and Mattancherry.

Museum of Kerala History (Edappally)

This museum presents Kerala’s journey through time via life-size sculptures, light and sound shows, and informative narration.
Timings: Multiple slots from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM | Closed: Mondays and public holidays
Entry Fee: ₹5 (adult), ₹2 (child/student)

M.N.F. Gallery of Paintings & Sculptures

Located next to the Museum of Kerala History in Edappally, this visual arts center exhibits over 200 original works by renowned Indian artists and a rich collection of modern sculptures in various mediums.
Timings: 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM | Entry Fee: ₹5 (adult), ₹3 (child/student)

Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary

Referred to as the "green lung of Kochi," Mangalavanam is an urban forest behind the High Court, serving as a nesting site for migratory birds and a vital ecological zone. It also supports a rich diversity of mangroves and helps regulate city pollution.

Chitram Art Gallery

Located on M.G. Road, opposite Air India, this gallery regularly hosts exhibitions showcasing a wide range of paintings by established and emerging artists.

---

Kumbalanghi: Kerala’s First Model Tourism Village

Just outside Kochi, Kumbalanghi is an emerging village tourism destination that offers a close look at rural Kerala life. The village is known for its backwaters, traditional homes, and art forms like kaikottikkali and chavittunadakam. As part of a model tourism initiative supported by the UNDP and government bodies, locals are trained in traditional crafts, cuisine, and hospitality.

Kumbalanghi offers homestays (especially popular with waterfront views), and its development includes eco-friendly infrastructure like parks, food courts, and cultural centers. The village is now attracting international cruise tourists and is poised to become a flagship for sustainable tourism in India.

---

Fort Kochi: Where Time Stands Still

Fort Kochi is a living museum of colonial influence—Portuguese, Dutch, and British—layered into its streets, churches, bungalows, and sea views. Originally a sleepy fishing village, it transformed into India’s first European township. Vasco da Gama himself landed here, and the Portuguese built Fort Immanuel in 1553 with the Maharaja’s consent.

Later, the Dutch reshaped the town, reducing the fort but enhancing infrastructure, trade, and shipbuilding. The British took over in 1795, further developing the city, though it transitioned into more of an administrative center.

A walk through Fort Kochi is like stepping into the past—tree-lined roads, colonial buildings, Chinese fishing nets along the sea, and cultural echoes that continue to live on.

Nearby Highlights:

• Chinese Fishing Nets & Vasco da Gama Square – Scenic views and seafood stalls

• Pierce Leslie Bungalow – A blend of Portuguese, Dutch, and local styles

• Old Harbour House – Once a boathouse, now a heritage structure

• Koder House – A unique Indo-European bungalow with striking architectural features

• Delta Study – A heritage bungalow-turned-school

Santa Cruz Basilica

Originally constructed by the Portuguese, this church gained cathedral status in 1558 by a decree from Pope Paul IV. It was demolished during British rule in 1795. A century later, in 1887, Bishop Dom Gomes Ferreira laid the foundation for a new church on the same site. In 1984, Pope John Paul II elevated it to the status of Basilica, recognizing its cultural and religious significance.

Princess Street & Loafer’s Corner

Among the earliest streets in Fort Kochi, Princess Street is known for its European-style houses that preserve the colonial charm of a bygone era. The best view of this picturesque street is from Loafer’s Corner—a traditional local hangout spot, loved for its casual, friendly atmosphere.

Vasco House

One of the oldest Portuguese-style residences in Fort Kochi, Vasco House is believed to have once been the home of Vasco da Gama. Built in the early 1500s, the house features typical European architectural elements, including glass-paneled windows and expansive wooden verandahs.

VOC Gate

This historic wooden gate facing the parade ground bears the insignia of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie – VOC). It dates back to 1740 and symbolizes the once-powerful commercial empire of the Dutch in the East.

Parade Ground

Once the site for colonial military drills and parades, this expansive open field was surrounded by the defense establishments of Portuguese, Dutch, and British forces. Today, it's the largest open ground in Fort Kochi, serving as a venue for local sports and community events.

The United Club

Established during British rule, the United Club was one of four elite social clubs in colonial Cochin. It now functions as a daytime classroom for the adjacent St. Francis Primary School and becomes a private recreational space for card-playing members in the evening. It also served as the municipal office for Fort Kochi until 1907.

The Bishop’s House

Overlooking the parade ground from a hillock, this elegant building was initially built in 1506 as the residence of the Portuguese Governor. The architecture features large Gothic arches and a spiral path through landscaped gardens. It later became the residence of Dom Jos Gomes Ferreira, the 27th Bishop of Cochin, whose diocese spanned across India, Burma, Malaya, and Ceylon.

Fort Immanuel

Constructed in 1503, this fort symbolized the alliance between the Portuguese Crown and the local Cochin rulers. Strengthened in 1538, it was a critical Portuguese stronghold until its decline under Dutch and later British control. Today, remnants of its massive walls can still be seen along the Fort Kochi coastline.

Dutch Cemetery

Consecrated in 1724, this cemetery is the final resting place of many Dutch and European settlers who played a role in Kerala's colonial history. The tombstones, managed today by the Church of South India, stand as silent witnesses to centuries of cultural exchange and exploration.

Thakur House

This heritage building sits on the site of the former Gelderland Bastion of the Dutch fort. Previously known as the Hill Bungalow, it once housed senior staff of the National Bank of India. Today, it belongs to Ram Bahadur Thakur & Co., a prominent tea trading company, and reflects classic colonial architecture.

David Hall

Constructed around 1695 by the Dutch East India Company, David Hall gets its name from a later resident, Jewish businessman David Koder. Originally associated with Dutch commander Hendrik van Rheede—famous for compiling the botanical manuscript Hortus Malabaricus—the hall is now a cultural space promoting art and heritage.

The Cochin Club

Once an exclusive social venue for British officers in the early 20th century, the Cochin Club is now more inclusive but retains its vintage English ambiance. It features a well-stocked library and a collection of sporting trophies. Although alcohol is not served, the club remains an elegant gathering spot.

St. Francis Church

Established in 1503 by Portuguese Franciscan friars, this is the oldest European church in India. Originally built with timber and later reconstructed in stone, it underwent changes under Dutch and British control. Vasco da Gama was temporarily buried here in 1524 before his remains were moved to Portugal. His original tombstone still lies within the church compound.

Bastion Bungalow

Dating back to 1667, this Indo-European style bungalow was built atop the old Stromsburg Bastion of the Dutch fort. Its architecture features a tiled roof and a distinctive first-floor wooden verandah. Although local legends speak of secret tunnels beneath the structure, none have been discovered. Today, it serves as the official residence of the Sub Collector.

Indo-Portuguese Museum

• Located within the Bishop's House compound, this museum showcases artifacts that reflect the rich Indo-Portuguese Christian heritage of Kerala. Curated with the help of the Archaeological Survey of India, it contains relics from churches in Cochin under Portuguese influence.

Maritime Museum (INS Dronacharya)

• This museum highlights the naval history of India, especially focusing on the Kerala coast and the evolution of the Indian Navy. It's housed in a former British ammunition depot.

Kochi Biennale Pavilion

• If you're including modern or cultural tourism, mention the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, an international art exhibition that transforms heritage buildings in Fort Kochi into galleries. It draws global attention every two years and is one of India’s biggest contemporary art festivals.

Kumbalangi Integrated Tourism Village

• Located just outside Kochi city, this eco-tourism village offers a glimpse into Kerala’s rural life. Tourists can experience coir-making, fishing, toddy tapping, and local cuisine, making it a favorite for cultural immersion.

Cherai Beach

• Located about 30 km from Fort Kochi, Cherai Beach is known for its scenic beauty and is one of the few places where the backwaters and sea come so close together. Dolphin spotting is a possible bonus.

Pallipuram Fort

• One of the oldest existing European monuments in India, built in 1503 by the Portuguese. It's located near Cherai on Vypin Island and offers a rare insight into early Portuguese military architecture.

Willington Island

• A man-made island created by the British for commercial and military purposes, now home to the Kochi Port, Naval base, and several hotels. Historically significant and still functional.

Bolgatty Palace

• A former Dutch palace located on Bolgatty Island, later used by the British governors. Now converted into a heritage hotel surrounded by gardens and a golf course. It's accessible by ferry or bridge.

Jew Town (Mattancherry)

• While you already mentioned the Synagogue, consider expanding slightly on the surrounding Jew Town, famous for antique shops, spice markets, handicrafts, and its cultural atmosphere.

Spice Market (near Mattancherry)

• Once the heart of Kochi’s spice trade, still fragrant with pepper, cardamom, and other spices. It provides a sensory-rich experience for tourists interested in the region’s mercantile legacy.

• Kathakali and Kalaripayattu centers (like Kerala Kathakali Centre or Greenix Village) for traditional performance arts.

• Street art and murals of Fort Kochi – very popular with photographers and Instagram-age travelers.

• Cochin Carnival (held in December) – a vibrant celebration with parades and cultural shows.